13/12/2019

Alex: Knockin’ on Locked Door (ss, 2014) by Aosaki Yūgo


Knockin’ on Locked Door (ノッキンオン・ロックドドア) by Aosaki Yūgo (青崎有吾) is the first short story in the series of the same name, first published in the October 2014 issue of the Dokuraku journal and later collected in the 2016 book of – you guessed it – the same name (both published by Tokuma Shoten).

Aosaki was born on 28 June, 1991 – which makes him one of the youngest in the honkaku movement – in Kanazawa prefecture. When in Meiji University (Tōkyō), Aosaki tried to publish a light novel by applying to different prizes. Twice. He was rejected, but didn’t get dismayed and instead followed the advice of the critic, who wrote, “He’d rather make detective stories than light novels.” After a good preparation, he sent his first detective novel, Taiikukan no Satsujin/The Black Umbrella Mystery (The Gymnasium Murder) to the prestigious Ayukawa Tetsuya award, where the prize is publication. And he won, inaugurating his ‘Urazome Tenma’ series, now comprising two more novels and a short story collection. The jury member Ashibe Taku characterized the debutant’s work as not just honkaku, but a full revival of Ellery Queen’s mode of logical deduction and a novel that consciously challenges at every turn. Since then, Ashibe released 9 books in total and is not stopping, and his series are running in magazines.

But does he rise up to his reputation? In the story under question, we get acquainted with the two protagonists. Gotenba Tōri and Katanashi Hisame share the living roof and the detective agency they own, as their talents are somewhat complementary: while Tōri is a specialist in the impossible, the ‘HOW,’ as he puts it, being able to crack locked rooms and other ingenious tricks, Hisame personifies the inexplicable, the ‘WHY,’ with the ability to understand the hidden motives for the weirdest actions from the guilty side. Luckily for them, the case they get has both.

The duo is invited to the household of the painter, Kasumiga Hideo, for his landscapes known as ‘The Poet of the Sky,’ who died last night behind the locked door of his own studio in what is almost blatantly not a suicide. And, while this already gives the necessary impossibility, the case is further complicated by the uncanny discovery in the room: the six paintings by the late master which previously hang on the walls are taken out of their frames and thrown around the studio… but not before one, and only one of those was carefully and completely painted red over the image! But while Tōri sets to revealing the method behind locking the door, Hisame wonders what was the reasoning behind locking it in the first place: there is no dearth of suspects, and, as crime happened deep in the night with everyone sleeping, in the house with negligible security measures, and the fingerprints were carefully wiped, it seems there was decidedly no need in making everything more complex by creating a locked-room murder.

Let me say it: the story was delightful. The main characters represent a trope so familiar by countless examples in literature and especially the screen, with two guys in the same apartment, solving cases with a tiny hint of yaoi overtones (or maybe I’m overthinking it), but turning them equals instead of a detective and assistant, getting them on identical footage refreshes the dynamics quite a bit, allowing them both their moments of triumph over their better understanding of the case and frustration of being Watson-like unable to reach the truth through their different specialization. The case itself, however, took a fresh spin of the familiar locked room situation, taking something I saw in Halter and perhaps many other people and creating a tantalizingly close to reach but elusive solution. Instead if Queen, this story reminded me of Clayton Rawson, who’d been, I believe, very much satisfied with the final solution.

The best, probably, thing about this story is how skillfully it leads you away from the correct solution without sounding artificial. In this kind of stories, where some possible methods and styles are already invited by the situation itself, the job of eliminating the possible wrong solutions imagined by the reader can turn into a laborious task of listing new clue after new clue, breaking them one-by-one. This story, however, effortlessly quashes the whole classes of methods without being overt. I almost took it as a fault that the story under-uses one of the tools it gives (not being more specific), but after some consideration I come to a conclusion it was a literal spotlight, shining over the wrong part of the case and not letting to the correct one beforehand.

The other thing I enjoyed was the absence of extreme reliance on obscure trivia from various sciences; while there is something that could make reaching the solution easier and tad bit more fair if known beforehand, it is not something unguessable – and the best proof to that is that I literally researched the matter as soon as I encountered it and still missed the solution now almost dangling in front of me!

If that’s just the first story, I’m excited to learn how it continues and will definitely read on. Especially knowing the story number 2, Kami no Mijikaku Natta Shitai, was chosen as one of the best honkaku short stories of the year 2015.

10/11/2019

Roger: Agatha Christie - Random Murderers?


Adapted from the post at the Impossible Crimes forum, impossible-crimes.ru/Forum/index.php

This belated analysis is mostly aimed to rebuke the frequent claims that in the Golden Age classical form of detective story any other character can be turned to a criminal by altering the pieces of the "jigsaw" in a minor way. Agatha Christie is frequently given as an example.

In particular, the most recent discussion of Five Little Pigs emphasized how arbitrary the selection of the guilty party in the novel is.

Here, I'll be attempting to prove the opposite claim. I'll show that in Christie's works, when she does her best, the murderer is never chosen at random from multiple possible options. Quite the opposite, the best works of her always first introduce the plot twist which hides the murderer, after which this murderer, specifically created for this novel, is supplemented by other suspects. Meanwhile the plot tricks themselves, the ones used to conceal the true guilty party, are in most cases repetitive and can be considered variations on a short list of methods.

This is what makes the murderer in Christie's best so noticeable among the other suspects. And this also makes the criminal's identity both quickly pinpointed by a reader accustomed to her methods. Obviously, the same reason makes the criminal very memorable and harm the re-reading quality of many of her novels.

The following study is based on the denouements of the novels: The Mysterious Affair at Styles, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, The Sittaford Mystery, Peril at End House, Lord Edgware Dies, Murder on the Orient Express, A Three Act Tragedy, Death in the Clouds, The ABC Murders, Murder in Mesopotamia, Cards on the Table, Death on the Nile, Appointment with Death, And Then There Were None, Hercule Poirot's Christmas, The Sad Cypress, Evil Under the Sun, The Body in the Library, Five Little Pigs, Towards Zero, The Crooked House, A Murder is Announced, After the Funeral, A Pocket Full of Rye, 4:50 from Paddington, Ordeal by Innocence, The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side, Curtain, as well as the Mousetrap play.

The selection is quite explicitly done from the novels the solutions to which I remember (that is those stories I couldn't forget, and thus, at least good detective stories). But I hope everyone agrees this is the selection of her most important works, the ones that should be employed to understand the most important features of Christie's works. In the weaker novels, undoubtedly, picking the criminal at random can be used, as well as the rehash of older schemes.

Now I, never giving titles and hinting which novel has which type, give a purely quantitative classification. Everyone who read the novel will understand which plots are where, and for those who haven't read those yet, pure statistics cannot harm.

We start by eliminating Murder on the Orient Express, The ABC Murders, togehter with And Then There Were None.  I think everyone who read those would agree the peculiarity of the plot construction in each of the three points to this particular criminal, and it is impossible to replace them without destroying the plot. Indeed, these three novels are the most original in construction.

The solutions for the rest are normally leading to one of the tricks below, and in each of those the criminal is strictly separated from the other suspects, and that's why the unexpected unmasking startles the readers:

1) The murderer is not considered suspect at all, as, unlike the other characters, has an alibi for the crime, or the innocence is confirmed as early as the preliminary investigation. There are 11 plots using this trick, the most beloved and masterly employed by Christie;
2) The murderer has no imaginable motive to commit the crime. For example, the criminal is not even among the victim's relatives who inherit money by will; nevertheless, there is a hidden motive to be revealed later. There are 7 plots like that in the list;
3) The murderer is beyond suspicion because of being one of the investigators. There are 5 plots like this;
4) The murderer evades suspicion by making an illusion they were the intended victim all along. There are 2 plots like this;
5) The reader does not start to suspect the murderer as this character is described by the author in a way that, for the reader, eliminates any possibility of committing a crime. There are 2 plots like that (with very different realizations, any details are spoilers).

I emphasize it is possible by the murderer to use multiple ploys at once, such as provide an alibi and become an investigator. That's why there are more plots here than the novels.

Only 4 books do not fit under any of the variants listed (beside three eliminated at the outset). In these 4, anyone can actually be the murderer, and tiny alterations of the plot could change the candidate. However, out of these 4, two are specifically designed by providing a closed circle of the suspects with equal chances to commit the crime, and no one else could do it. Thus, in these plots the downside is actually the backbone of the experiment (whether it was successful, is another question).

There are only two books remaining, where the thesis is completely true. Perhaps it would also hold for a number of weak (especially later) works, which were not analyzed here due to me forgetting all of those (quite possibly, due to their weaknesses).

So, we must conclude that in the majority of her best books Christie builds the plot around a very particular murderer, instead of choosing one at random. Furthermore, the existence of a particular bag of tricks, which allow to hide a specific murderer, turns out to be the characteristic feature of Christie's work, setting her apart from the esteemed contemporaries. Of course, in some of their books other authors may also use those, but the key definitions of their style would not depend on those.

The question, however, whether the thesis of the "random murderer" holds for Golden Age in general, should be a matter of another discussion. For me though it's a brand mark of a weak detective story, not of the era it was written in.

13/10/2019

Alex: Japanese Ratings


It seems there is not enough information not in Japanese about the prizes and ratings compiled in Japan both for local and translated detective fiction. I decided to fix that, along with the most recent winners.

1. Shukkan Bunshun Mystery Best 10
This is the yearly rating of Bungeishunju editorial, based on the year's sale results. Established in 1977. Currently announced in December of Year X, covering November X-1 to October X. Exists in two Top Tens, for Japanese and foreign.

Prize 2018 (2017.11-2018.10):
Japanese
1. 沈黙のパレー by Higashino Keigo
2. それまでの明日 by Hara Ryou
3. ベルリンは晴れているか by Fukamidori Nowaki
4. 雪の階 by Okuizumi Hikaru
5. 火のないところに煙は by Ashizawa You
6. 錆びた滑車 by Wakatake Nanami
7. 宝島 by Shindou Junjou
8. 碆霊の如き祀るもの by Mitsuda Shinzou
9. 凍てつく太陽 by Hamanaka Aki
10. 凶犬の眼 by Yudzuki Yuuko

Foreign
1. Magpie Murders by Anthony Horowitz
2. The Kind Worth Killing by Peter Swanson
3. Passagier 23 by Sebastian Fitzek
4. IQ by Joe Ide
5. Cadres noirs by Pierre Lemaitre
6. Rite of Spring of the First Year by Lu Qiucha (reviewed by Ho-Ling Wong, here)
7. Think of a Number by John Verdon
8. La Ruelle fantôme by Paul Halter
9. Den döende detektiven by Leif G.W. Persson
10. The Burial Hour by Jeffery Deaver

2. Kono Mystery ga Sugoi!
Unlike the other projects by Takarajimasha, such as Kono Light Novel..., which is often quoted even in Western reviews of light novels, this rating (they also evaluate films and manga) is rarely known, though aims at a honkaku-skewed review. Exists since 1988 and never rates its own works.

List for Year X is out on December X-1 and evaluates the period November X-2 to October X-1, included.

Prize 2019 (2017.11-2018.10):
Japanese
1. それまでの明日 by Hara Ryou
2. ベルリンは晴れているか by Fukamidori Nowaki
3. 錆びた滑車 by Wakatake Nanami
4. 沈黙のパレー by Higashino Keigo
5. 宝島 by Shindou Junjou
6. 碆霊の如き祀るもの by Mitsuda Shinzou
7. 雪の階 by Okuizumi Hikaru
8. 東京輪舞 by Tsukimura Ryoue
9. 凍てつく太陽 by Hamanaka Aki
10. 火のないところに煙は by Ashizawa You and グラスバードは還らない by Ichikawa Yuuto

Foreign
1. Magpie Murders by Anthony Horowitz
2. The Kind Worth Killing by Peter Swanson
3. IQ by Joe Ide
4. Rite of Spring of the First Year by Lu Qiucha
5. The Force by Don Winslow
6. La Ruelle fantôme by Paul Halter 
7. Passagier 23 by Sebastian Fitzek
8. Cadres noirs by Pierre Lemaitre
9. Think of a Number by John Verdon, The Butterfly Garden by Dot Hutchison, and The Intern's Handbook by Shane Kuhn

3. Honkaku Mystery Best 10
The Prize of the Deductive Story Research Society, sponsored by Hara Shobou. Exists since 1997. Also irregularly names Man of the Year.

List for Year X is out on December X-1 and evaluates the period November X-2 to October X-1, included.

Prize 2019 (2017.11-2018.10):
Japanese
1. アリバイ崩し承ります by Ooyama Seiichirou (reviewed by Ho-Ling Wong, here)
2. 碆霊の如き祀るもの by Mitsuda Shinzou
3. パズラクション by Kasumi Ryuuichi
4. グラスバードは還らない by Ichikawa Yuuto
5. インド倶楽部の謎 by Arisugawa Alice
6. 星詠師の記憶 by Atsukawa Tatsumi
7. 探偵AIのリアル・ディープラーニング by Hayasaka Yabusaka
8. 少女を殺す100の方法 by Shirai Tomoyuki
9. ドッペルゲンガーの銃 by Kurachi Jun
10. 沈黙のパレー by Higashino Keigo


Foreign
1. Magpie Murders by Anthony Horowitz
2. La Ruelle fantôme by Paul Halter
3. Rite of Spring of the First Year by Lu Qiucha
4. Think of a Number by John Verdon
5. Panic by Helen McCloy
6. Thin Air by Ann Cleeves
7. Shanks on Crime by Robert Lopresti
8. The Long Body by Helen McCloy
9. Alibi by Harry Carmichael
10. The Adventure of the Crime Corporation and other Radio Mysteries by Ellery Queen


4. Mystery ga Yomitai!
Hayakawa Shobou decided in 2007 they don't want to lose the race.

Current format is: on January of Year X rating is compiled for October X-2 to September X-1. They list Top-20, I shorten it to Top-10 for ease.

Prize 2019 (2017.10-2018.09):
Japanese
1. それまでの明日 by Hara Ryou
2. 屍人荘の殺人 by Imamura Masahiro
3. 碆霊の如き祀るもの by Mitsuda Shinzou
4. ミステリークロック by Kishi Yuusuke
5. 錆びた滑車 by Wakatake Nanami
6. 雪の階 by Okuizumi Hikaru
7. 火のないところに煙は by Ashizawa You
8. 凍てつく太陽 by Hamanaka Aki
9. インド倶楽部の謎 by Arisugawa Alice
10. ベルリンは晴れているか by Fukamidori Nowaki

Foreign
1. Magpie Murders by Anthony Horowitz
2. The Kind Worth Killing by Peter Swanson
3. Passagier 23 by Sebastian Fitzek
4. IQ by Joe Ide
5. Rite of Spring of the First Year by Lu Qiucha
6. The Chalk Man by C.J. Tudor
7. Nymphéas noirs by Michel Bussi
8. Den döende detektiven by Leif G.W. Persson
9. Since We Fell by Dennis Lehane
10. The Butterfly Garden by Dot Hutchison

18/07/2019

Alex: One of No Name

This blog is dedicated to the genre of literature (and any other form of art) we have learned to appreciate. The one that epitomizes plot. The one that teaches that the human mind is capable of overturning the Chaoes and restoring Order. The one that never conceals a vital fact. In other words, the... The...

The who?

Is it "the crime novel" (the fact that it exists in many a guise beside novel)? Obviously, not: are we assembled here to discuss every single creation of human imagination depicting crime? Everything, from Herodotus to Voltaire and from Quentin to Chandler?

Perhaps, "the detective novel"? Still not the one. While the title is appealing, not evertything we adore features "a detective", or even "a detection" in any recognizable form. What are we to do with those books without any formal investigation going on and still upon conclusion we are hit with how fairly everything was told and led to inevitability? More importantly, have we now included those expansive specimina, the books featuring series sleuth protagonists that eschewed any hint of mystery in favour of family-saga?

Hey, here's the word: "mystery". Surely, what we are all attracted to is the "mysterious", isn't it? I claim otherwise. As so decisively put by Mr. Lechard, "mystery" is merely one way of telling about a criminal plot. "Detective novel" is another. A humdrum story of a real-looking police precinct, meticulous about realistic clues, may fascinate a lover of fair play as surely as anything Gothic & macabre. Otherwise, what would be the appeal of the inverted detective story?

John Pugmire argued once we have the word. The word is "honkaku", and it also fails. Even if we set aside the voluminous story of how this word changed its meaning with any new wind on Japanese literary landscape and limit ourselves only to how it is understood by the masters of "shinhonkaku" since Shimada-sensei - it says nothing about "fairness", about "clues", about "grandest game in the world". Basically, it boils down to being creative with setups and being creative with solutions, but, as we saw, neither is necessary - and neither is sufficient. Otherwise H.P. Lovecraft would be as a master of our genre as J.D. Carr. And please, don't offer me "GAD", as if we learned anything from the modern GAD-revival, there was much and much more behind the story of interwar literature than the puzzles we prefer, and many of the people recently rediscovered would barely fit the definition. Conversely, we surele are not going to claim that the only way to do our job is to stylicise the inter-war plot - as someone who adores the ways modern technology and modern sensibilities be used in plot I reject that explanation.

What we love in the literature is not about form. In fact any form suffices, from a slow police chonicle to a fast-pace thriller. Having detection or having mystery, being universal or very ethnic - these are ways to tell the story. The thing we love is the essence. Considering a story as a game of plot vs. reader where the main goal is to give the reader the ultimate satisfaction of losing the game barely inches from winning - it can be achieved in any single format. And thus, we have no name as previously the attempt was to classify the form and not the very approach to writing a book. The fandom we're in has no title. Should we invent one? Or maybe we have and it's also from Japan, but not the one you expect. Not the honkaku, "authentic fiction", not even the tantei-shousetsu, "detective fiction", abandoned some ages ago, but the cuurently accepted term, though it also started to include a lot of things not covered by intention: suiri-shousetsu. I propose: Deductive Fiction. It covers, perhaps, the definitive side of what we love about our stories: the sharp chain of deductive inferences that lead to the single truth, inevitably and explicitly.

What is your opinion? Do you perhaps believe there actually is a name, missed here? Or is there another option you would prefer? Share your thoughts!